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Organic Molecules

The structures of living things are made of four types of complex molecules.  Organic molecules are made by living things and contain carbon. For the most part, they are large molecules that cannot be formed by natural processes other than the machinery in living cells.

  • Most have many different sizes:

    • Monomers are small versions of the molecule ​

    • Polymers are larger forms that are made of repeating chains of monomers

  • They are made of ​similar types of elements:  Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and perhaps others

Four Types of Organic Molecules

Provide Short Term Energy

Form Cell Walls in Plants

Ex:  Sugars, Starch, Cellulose

Provide Long Term Energy

Insulation

Don't Mix with Water

Ex:  Fats, Oils, Waxes

Make Up the Unique Structures

Enzymes Assist with Reactions

Determine all Physical Traits

Store Information for making proteins

Ex:  DNA, RNA

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